Most organizations lack a comprehensive inventory of all identities across their environments, especially non-human identities (NHIs) like service accounts, API keys, and machine credentials. NHIs often exist in the shadows and remain undiscovered.

For every human, there are almost up to 100 NHIs, and their numbers are growing fast due to microservices and AI agents. Without full visibility, you have massive security blind spots, making risk exposure unknown and compliance impossible.

Manual, fragmented, or non-existent processes for onboarding, offboarding, and rotating identities, especially NHIs, leave your organization exposed.

This leads to a proliferation of long-lived, static credentials, many of which are over a year old and outlive their intended use. Orphaned and “zombie” accounts persist after role changes, often with excessive privileges and unclear ownership, complicating remediation and offboarding.

Secrets are everywhere: in vaults, in code, in Slack, even in forgotten scripts. Every team manages secrets differently, and policies are inconsistent. The result is a hyper-fragmented ecosystem where over-permissive, static secrets and a lack of expiration controls heighten the risk of compromise and lateral movement.

Your IAM team inherits legacy systems and entrenched human-centric tools that can’t be easily replaced. These tools struggle with the sheer scale and dynamic nature of NHIs and their distinct authentication methods, like certificates and tokens.

This makes it difficult to adopt ideal controls across the enterprise. New solutions must integrate with the existing infrastructure and workflows, not force a “rip and replace” approach, to avoid fragmented control.

IAM initiatives are difficult to measure and often take years to show ROI. Audit and compliance requirements are growing, but manual processes and poor documentation make passing audits slow and painful. You are expected to do more with less, justifying every purchase and prioritizing investments that show clear impact on risk and operational efficiency.