My Kairos Key leaked! What should I do?

What is a Kairos Key and how it is used?

A Kairos Key is a unique identifier used in secret management that combines a time-based component with a cryptographic key to enhance security and prevent unauthorized access.

When it comes to secret management and detection practices, the Kairos Key is an essential tool that developers should be familiar with. Here are the main use cases for the Kairos Key:

Securely store and manage sensitive information such as API keys, passwords, and encryption keys.
Facilitate secure communication between different components of a system by providing a secure way to exchange and verify cryptographic keys.
Enable secure authentication and authorization processes by generating and managing access tokens and digital signatures.

1. Code snippets to prevent Kairos Key hardcoding using environment variables

Using environment variables for storing sensitive information like Kairos Key in your code is a secure practice because:

Environment variables are not stored in your codebase, reducing the risk of exposing sensitive information in case of a code leak or breach.
Environment variables can be easily managed and updated without changing the code, making it easier to rotate keys and maintain security.
Access to environment variables can be restricted based on user permissions, adding an extra layer of security.
Environment variables are typically encrypted at rest, providing an additional level of protection for your sensitive information.

How to secure your secrets using environment variables

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import os

kairos_key_client_id = os.getenv('KAIROS_KEY_CLIENT_ID')
kairos_key_client_secret = os.getenv('KAIROS_KEY_CLIENT_SECRET')

2. Code snippet to prevent Kairos Key hardcoding using AWS Secrets Manager

Using AWS Secrets Manager to manage Kairos Keys is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the Kairos Key from AWS Secrets Manager.

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import botocore 
import botocore.session 
from aws_secretsmanager_caching import SecretCache, SecretCacheConfig 

client = botocore.session.get_session().create_client('secretsmanager')
cache_config = SecretCacheConfig()
cache = SecretCache( config = cache_config, client = client)

kairoskey = cache.get_secret_string('KAIROSKEY')

3. Code snippet to prevent Kairos Key hardcoding using HashiCorp Vault

Using HashiCorp Vault for managing Kairos Keys is a great way to enhance security. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages for securely handling a Kairos Key using HashiCorp Vault.

Remember to replace the VAULT_ADDR and VAULT_TOKEN with your Vault server address and authentication token. The snippets assume that the Kairos Key is stored under the api_key field within Vault. The specifics of the Vault path and field names should be adjusted to match your Vault setup.

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import hvac
import os

# Get the Vault URL and token from environment variables
VAULT_URL = os.getenv('VAULT_URL')
VAULT_TOKEN = os.getenv('VAULT_TOKEN')
VAULT_PATH = os.getenv('VAULT_PATH')

# Create connection
client = hvac.Client(url=VAULT_URL, token=VAULT_TOKEN)

# Read the secret
KAIROS_KEY = client.secrets.kv.v2.read_secret_version(path=VAULT_PATH)['data']['data']['KAIROS_KEY']

4. Code snippet to prevent Kairos Key hardcoding using CyberArk Conjur

Using CyberArk Conjur to manage Kairos Key is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the Kairos Key from CyberArk Conjur.

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import requests
import os


# CyberArk credentials
ID_TENANT_URL = os.getenv("ID_TENANT_URL")
PRIVATE_CLOUD_URL = os.getenv("PRIVATE_CLOUD_URL")
PAM_USER = os.getenv("PAM_USER")
PAM_PASS = os.getenv("PAM_PASS")


def get_auth_token() -> tuple[str, str]:
    url = f"{ID_TENANT_URL}/oauth2/platformtoken"
    response = requests.post(
        url,
        data={
            "grant_type": "client_credentials",
            "client_id": PAM_USER,
            "client_secret": PAM_PASS,
        },
    )  # Use verify=True in production
    if response.status_code == 200:
        data = response.json()
        return data["token_type"], data["access_token"]
    else:
        raise Exception(
            f"Failed to authenticate: {response.status_code} {response.text}"
        )


def get_account_id(account_name: str) -> str:
    token_type, access_token = get_auth_token()
    url = f"{PRIVATE_CLOUD_URL}/PasswordVault/API/Accounts"
    headers = {"Authorization": f"{token_type} {access_token}"}
    response = requests.get(url, params={"search": account_name}, headers=headers)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        accounts = response.json()["value"]
        return accounts[0]["id"]
    else:
        raise Exception(
            f"Failed to get account: {response.status_code} {response.text}"
        )


def get_secret(secret_name: str) -> str:
    token_type, access_token = get_auth_token()
    account_id = get_account_id(secret_name)
    url = (
        f"{PRIVATE_CLOUD_URL}/PasswordVault/API/Accounts/{account_id}/Password/Retrieve"
    )
    headers = {"Authorization": f"{token_type} {access_token}"}
    response = requests.post(
        url, json={"reason": "automatic retrieval"}, headers=headers
    )
    if response.status_code == 200:
        return response.text
    else:
        raise Exception(f"Failed to get secret: {response.status_code} {response.text}")


KAIROS_KEY = get_secret("KAIROS_KEY")

How to generate a Kairos Key?

To generate a Kairos Key, developers can follow these steps:

Sign up for a Kairos account on the official website.
Log in to the Kairos dashboard.
Go to the API section and select "Generate Key".
Follow the instructions to generate your unique Kairos Key.

For more detailed information and documentation on generating a Kairos Key, you can visit the Kairos API documentation on their official website.

My Kairos Key leaked, what are the possible reasons?

There are several reasons why a Kairos Key might have been leaked:

Improper storage: If the Kairos Key was stored in an insecure location or in plain text, it could have been easily accessed by unauthorized individuals.
Weak access controls: If the system or application using the Kairos Key did not have proper access controls in place, it could have been vulnerable to unauthorized access.
Human error: A developer or team member may have accidentally exposed the Kairos Key through a code commit, sharing it in an insecure manner, or other mistakes.
Malicious intent: In some cases, a Kairos Key may have been intentionally leaked by a disgruntled employee or an external attacker with malicious intent.

What are the risks of leaking a Kairos Key

As a security trainer, it's important to educate developers on the risks associated with leaking a Kairos Key. The Kairos Key is a critical piece of information that, if exposed, can lead to severe security breaches and compromises. Here are some specific risks associated with leaking a Kairos Key:

Unauthorized access: If a Kairos Key is leaked, unauthorized individuals may gain access to sensitive information or systems that rely on that key for authentication or encryption.
Data breaches: Leaking a Kairos Key can result in data breaches, where confidential data is exposed to malicious actors who can exploit it for various malicious purposes.
Compromised integrity: The integrity of systems and data protected by the Kairos Key can be compromised, leading to unauthorized modifications or tampering.
Reputation damage: A security breach resulting from a leaked Kairos Key can damage the reputation of the organization, leading to loss of trust from customers, partners, and stakeholders.

It's crucial for developers to understand the importance of safeguarding the Kairos Key and implementing robust secret management practices to prevent leaks and mitigate the risks associated with unauthorized access. By raising awareness and providing guidance on secure handling of sensitive information like the Kairos Key, developers can help protect their organization's assets and maintain a strong security posture.

Kairos Key security best practices

Avoid embedding the secret directly in your code. Instead, use environment variables or secrets managers‍
Secure storage: store the Kairos Key in a secure location, such as a password manager or a secrets management service.
Regular rotation: periodically rotate the API key to minimize the risk of long-term exposure.
Restrict permissions: apply the principle of least privilege by only granting the key the minimum necessary permissions.
Monitor usage: regularly check the usage logs for any unusual activity or unauthorized access attempts.
Implement access controls: limit the number of users who have access to the secret and enforce strong authentication measures.
Use a secrets manager: utilize secret management tools like CyberArk or AWS Secrets Manager for enhanced security.

By adhering to the best practices, you can significantly reduce the risk associated with Kairos Key usage and improve the overall security of your Kairos Key implementations.

Exposing secrets on GitHub: What to do after leaking Credential and API keys

Kairos Key leak remediation: what to do

What to do if you expose a secret: How to stay calm and respond to an incident [cheat sheet included]

How to check if Kairos Key was used by malicious actors

Review Access Logs: Check the access logs of your Kairos Key account for any unauthorized access or unusual activity. Pay particular attention to access from unfamiliar IP addresses (if you haven’t set up a specific allow list) or at odd hours.
Monitor Usage Patterns: Look for anomalies in the usage patterns, such as unexpected spikes in data access or transfer.
Check Active Connections and Operations: Review the list of active connections and recent operations on your database. Unusual or unauthorized operations might indicate malicious use.
Audit API Usage: If possible, audit the usage of your API key through any logging or monitoring services you have integrated with Kairos Key. This can give insights into any unauthorized use of your key.

Steps to revoke the Kairos Key

Generate a new Kairos Key:

Log into your Kairos Key account.
Navigate to the API section and generate a new API key.

Update Services with the new key:

Replace the compromised key with the new key in all your services that use this API key.
Ensure all your applications and services are updated with the new key before deactivating the old one.

Deactivate the old Kairos Key:

Once the new key is in place and everything is functioning correctly, deactivate the old API key.
This can typically be done from the same section where you generated the new key.

Monitor after key rotation:

After deactivating the old key, monitor your systems closely to ensure that all services are running smoothly and that there are no unauthorized access attempts.

How to understand which services will stop working

Inventory of services: keep an inventory of all services and applications that utilize your Kairos Key.
Communication and documentation: Ensure that your team is aware of which services are dependent on the key. Maintain documentation for quick reference.
Testing: before deactivating the old key, test your services with the new key in a staging environment. This helps in identifying any services that might face issues post rotation.
Fallback strategies: Have a fallback or emergency plan in case a critical service fails after the key rotation. This might include temporary measures or quick rollback procedures.

In summary, the remediation process involves identifying potential misuse, carefully rotating the key, and ensuring minimal disruption to services. Being proactive and having a well-documented process can greatly reduce the risks associated with a compromised API key.

What about other secrets?

GitGuardian helps developers keep 350+ types of secrets out of source code. GitGuardian’s automated secrets detection and remediation solution secure every step of the development lifecycle, from code to cloud:

On developer workstations with git hooks (pre-commit and pre-push);
On code sharing platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket;
In CI environments (Circle CI, Travis CI, Jenkins CI, GitHub Actions, and many more);
In Docker images.

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CLIENT LIBRARIES

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STRIPE-RUBY

$ pip install stripe

STRIPE-PYTHON

$ composer require stripe/stripe-php

STRIPE-PHP

MAVEN
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  <artifactId>stripe-java</artifactId>
  <version>24.16.0</version>
</dependency>

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STRIPE-NODE

$ nuget install Stripe.net

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