šŸ“Š NEW! Voice of Practitioners 2024: The State of Secrets in AppSec

READ REPORT

šŸ“Š NEW! Voice of Practitioners 2024: The State of Secrets in AppSec

READ REPORT
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My PagerDuty API Token leaked! What should I do?

What is a PagerDuty API Token and how it is used?

A PagerDuty API Token is a unique identifier that allows access to the PagerDuty API for the purpose of automating and integrating with PagerDuty's incident response platform.

When it comes to the PagerDuty API Token, developers should understand the following main use cases:

  • Authentication: The PagerDuty API Token is used for authenticating API requests, allowing developers to interact with PagerDuty's services securely.
  • Integration: Developers use the API Token to integrate PagerDuty with other tools and services, enabling automated incident management and communication workflows.
  • Access Control: The API Token is also used to control access to specific PagerDuty resources and functionalities, ensuring that only authorized users and systems can perform certain actions.

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1. Code snippets to prevent PagerDuty API Token hardcoding using environment variables

Using environment variables for storing PagerDuty API Tokens in code is considered a secure practice because:

  • Environment variables are not hard-coded in the codebase, reducing the risk of exposure in case of a code leak.
  • Environment variables are stored outside the code repository, providing an additional layer of security.
  • Environment variables can be easily managed and rotated without changing the code itself, improving security maintenance.
  • Environment variables are typically not accessible to unauthorized users or external services, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access.

How to secure your secrets using environment variables

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2. Code snippet to prevent PagerDuty API Token hardcoding using AWS Secrets Manager

Using AWS Secrets Manager to manage PagerDuty API Tokens is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the PagerDuty API Token from AWS Secrets Manager.

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3. Code snippet to prevent PagerDuty API Token hardcoding using HashiCorp Vault

Using HashiCorp Vault for managing PagerDuty API Tokens is a great way to enhance security. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages for securely handling a PagerDuty API Token using HashiCorp Vault.

Remember to replace the VAULT_ADDR and VAULT_TOKEN with your Vault server address and authentication token. The snippets assume that the PagerDuty API Token is stored under the api_key field within Vault. The specifics of the Vault path and field names should be adjusted to match your Vault setup.

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4. Code snippet to prevent PagerDuty API Token hardcoding using CyberArk Conjur

Using CyberArk Conjur to manage PagerDuty API Token is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the PagerDuty API Token from CyberArk Conjur.

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How to generate a PagerDuty API Token?

Generating a PagerDuty API Token is a straightforward process that requires you to follow these steps:

  1. Log in to your PagerDuty account.
  2. Click on your profile icon in the top right corner and select "User Profile".
  3. Under the "User Settings" section, click on "My Profile".
  4. Scroll down to the "User API Access" section and click on the "Create API User Token" button.
  5. Enter a description for the token to help you identify its purpose.
  6. Choose the permissions for the token based on the actions it should be able to perform.
  7. Click on the "Create Token" button to generate the API token.
  8. Copy the generated token and securely store it, as it will not be displayed again for security reasons.

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My PagerDuty API Token leaked, what are the possible reasons?

There are several reasons why a PagerDuty API Token might have been leaked:

  • Improper storage: If the API token is stored in a plaintext configuration file or hard-coded in the source code, it can be easily accessed by unauthorized users.
  • Accidental exposure: Developers may accidentally include the API token in a public repository or share it in an insecure manner, leading to its leakage.
  • Insufficient access controls: If there are lax access controls in place, individuals who should not have access to the API token may obtain it.
  • Phishing attacks: Hackers may use phishing techniques to trick developers into revealing their API tokens, leading to unauthorized access.

What are the risks of leaking a PagerDuty API Token

Leaking a PagerDuty API Token can pose serious risks to the security of your application and data. It is important for developers to understand the potential consequences of such a breach:

  • Unauthorized Access: An attacker who gains access to your PagerDuty API Token can potentially perform actions on your PagerDuty account, such as creating, updating, or deleting incidents, without your knowledge or authorization.
  • Data Exfiltration: If your PagerDuty API Token is leaked, sensitive data related to your incidents, alerts, and responses could be accessed and exfiltrated by malicious actors.
  • Service Disruption: An attacker with access to your PagerDuty API Token could potentially disrupt your services by triggering false alerts, suppressing legitimate alerts, or deleting critical incidents.
  • Reputation Damage: A security incident resulting from a leaked PagerDuty API Token can damage your organization's reputation and erode trust with customers and partners.

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PagerDuty API Token security best practices

  • Avoid embedding the secret directly in your code. Instead, use environment variables or secrets managersā€
  • Secure storage: store the PagerDuty API Token in a secure location, such as a password manager or a secrets management service.
  • Regular rotation: periodically rotate the API key to minimize the risk of long-term exposure.
  • Restrict permissions: apply the principle of least privilege by only granting the key the minimum necessary permissions.
  • Monitor usage: regularly check the usage logs for any unusual activity or unauthorized access attempts.
  • Implement access controls: limit the number of users who have access to the secret and enforce strong authentication measures.
  • Use a secrets manager: utilize secret management tools like CyberArk or AWS Secrets Manager for enhanced security.

By adhering to the best practices, you can significantly reduce the risk associated with PagerDuty API Token usage and improve the overall security of your PagerDuty API Token implementations.

Exposing secrets on GitHub: What to do after leaking Credential and API keys

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PagerDuty API Token leak remediation: what to do

What to do if you expose a secret: How to stay calm and respond to an incident [cheat sheet included]

How to check if PagerDuty API Token was used by malicious actors

  • Review Access Logs: Check the access logs of your PagerDuty API Token account for any unauthorized access or unusual activity. Pay particular attention to access from unfamiliar IP addresses (if you havenā€™t set up a specific allow list) or at odd hours.
  • Monitor Usage Patterns: Look for anomalies in the usage patterns, such as unexpected spikes in data access or transfer.
  • Check Active Connections and Operations: Review the list of active connections and recent operations on your database. Unusual or unauthorized operations might indicate malicious use.
  • Audit API Usage: If possible, audit the usage of your API key through any logging or monitoring services you have integrated with PagerDuty API Token. This can give insights into any unauthorized use of your key.

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Steps to revoke the PagerDuty API Token

Generate a new PagerDuty API Token:

  • Log into your PagerDuty API Token account.
  • Navigate to the API section and generate a new API key.

Update Services with the new key:

  • Replace the compromised key with the new key in all your services that use this API key.
  • Ensure all your applications and services are updated with the new key before deactivating the old one.

Deactivate the old PagerDuty API Token:

  • Once the new key is in place and everything is functioning correctly, deactivate the old API key.
  • This can typically be done from the same section where you generated the new key.

Monitor after key rotation:

  • After deactivating the old key, monitor your systems closely to ensure that all services are running smoothly and that there are no unauthorized access attempts.

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How to understand which services will stop working

  • Inventory of services: keep an inventory of all services and applications that utilize your PagerDuty API Token.
  • Communication and documentation: Ensure that your team is aware of which services are dependent on the key. Maintain documentation for quick reference.
  • Testing: before deactivating the old key, test your services with the new key in a staging environment. This helps in identifying any services that might face issues post rotation.
  • Fallback strategies: Have a fallback or emergency plan in case a critical service fails after the key rotation. This might include temporary measures or quick rollback procedures.

In summary, the remediation process involves identifying potential misuse, carefully rotating the key, and ensuring minimal disruption to services. Being proactive and having a well-documented process can greatly reduce the risks associated with a compromised API key.

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What about other secrets?

GitGuardian helps developers keep 350+ types of secrets out of source code. GitGuardianā€™s automated secrets detection and remediation solution secure every step of the development lifecycle, from code to cloud:

  • On developer workstations with git hooks (pre-commit and pre-push);
  • On code sharing platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket;
  • In CI environments (Circle CI, Travis CI, Jenkins CI, GitHub Actions, and many more);
  • In Docker images.

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Environment Variables
Environment Variables
Environment Variables

charge

nullable string

For card errors, the ID of the failed charge.

payment_method_type

nullable string

If the error is specific to the type of payment method, the payment method type that had a problem. This field is only populated for invoice-related errors.

doc_url

nullable string

A URL to more information about the error code reported.

request_log_url

nullable string

A URL to the request log entry in your dashboard.

charge

nullable string

If the error is specific to the type of payment method, the payment method type that had a problem. This field is only populated for invoice-related errors.

Hide
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child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

charge

nullable string

If the error is specific to the type of payment method, the payment method type that had a problem. This field is only populated for invoice-related errors.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

payment_intent

nullable object

The PaymentIntent object for errors returned on a request involving a PaymentIntent.

setup_intent

nullable object

The SetupIntent object for errors returned on a request involving a SetupIntent.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

CLIENT LIBRARIES

$ gem install stripe
$ pip install stripe
$ composer require stripe/stripe-php
MAVEN
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.stripe</groupId>
  <artifactId>stripe-java</artifactId>
  <version>24.16.0</version>
</dependency>

GRADLE
compile "com.stripe:stripe-java:24.16.0"
$ npm install --save stripe
$ go get github.com/stripe/stripe-go/v76
$ nuget install Stripe.net
SHOW
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