DevSecOps Blueprint: from Vulnerability Management and Security-by-Design to Pipeline Integrity

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DevSecOps Blueprint: from Vulnerability Management and Security-by-Design to Pipeline Integrity

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My Pulumi Access Token leaked! What should I do?

What is a Pulumi Access Token and how it is used?

A Pulumi Access Token is a unique identifier that grants access to Pulumi resources and allows for authentication and authorization within the Pulumi platform.

Here are the main use cases for the Pulumi Access Token:

  • Authentication: The Pulumi Access Token is used to authenticate and authorize users to securely access and manage cloud resources through the Pulumi platform.
  • API Calls: Developers can use the Pulumi Access Token to make API calls to interact with the Pulumi infrastructure as code platform programmatically.
  • Secret Management: The Pulumi Access Token can be securely stored and managed using best practices for secret management to ensure the security of the Pulumi account and resources.

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1. Code snippets to prevent Pulumi Access Token hardcoding using environment variables

Using environment variables for storing Pulumi Access Token in your code is a secure practice because:

  • Environment variables are not hard-coded in the codebase, reducing the risk of exposing sensitive information in case of code leaks or unauthorized access.
  • Environment variables are stored outside the code repository, making it less vulnerable to security threats such as malicious actors gaining access to the codebase.
  • Environment variables can be easily managed and rotated without the need to modify the code, enhancing security by allowing for quick updates in case of token compromise.

How to secure your secrets using environment variables

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2. Code snippet to prevent Pulumi Access Token hardcoding using AWS Secrets Manager

Using AWS Secrets Manager to manage Pulumi Access Tokens is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the Pulumi Access Token from AWS Secrets Manager.

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3. Code snippet to prevent Pulumi Access Token hardcoding using HashiCorp Vault

Using HashiCorp Vault for managing Pulumi Access Tokens is a great way to enhance security. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages for securely handling a Pulumi Access Token using HashiCorp Vault.

Remember to replace the VAULT_ADDR and VAULT_TOKEN with your Vault server address and authentication token. The snippets assume that the Pulumi Access Token is stored under the api_key field within Vault. The specifics of the Vault path and field names should be adjusted to match your Vault setup.

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4. Code snippet to prevent Pulumi Access Token hardcoding using CyberArk Conjur

Using CyberArk Conjur to manage Pulumi Access Token is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the Pulumi Access Token from CyberArk Conjur.

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How to generate a Pulumi Access Token?

Developers can generate a Pulumi Access Token by following these steps:

  1. Log in to the Pulumi console.
  2. Click on the user avatar in the top right corner and select "Account Settings".
  3. In the Account Settings page, navigate to the "Access Tokens" tab.
  4. Click on the "Create Token" button.
  5. Enter a name for the token and select the desired permissions.
  6. Click on the "Create" button to generate the Access Token.

Once the Access Token is generated, developers can use it in their Pulumi applications to authenticate and access resources securely.

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My Pulumi Access Token leaked, what are the possible reasons?

There are several reasons why a Pulumi Access Token might have been leaked:

  • Accidental inclusion in code repositories: Developers may inadvertently commit code containing Pulumi Access Tokens to public repositories, making them accessible to unauthorized individuals.
  • Improper storage: Storing Pulumi Access Tokens in plaintext files or insecure locations can lead to leaks if these files are accessed by unauthorized parties.
  • Sharing credentials: Developers sharing Pulumi Access Tokens with others without proper security measures in place can result in unauthorized access and potential leakage.
  • Phishing attacks: Attackers may use social engineering techniques to trick developers into revealing their Pulumi Access Tokens, leading to unauthorized access and potential leaks.

What are the risks of leaking a Pulumi Access Token

Leaking a Pulumi Access Token can pose significant risks to the security of your infrastructure and sensitive data. It is important for developers to understand the potential consequences of such a leak:

  • Unauthorized Access: An attacker who gains access to your Pulumi Access Token can potentially gain unauthorized access to your cloud infrastructure, allowing them to make changes, steal data, or disrupt services.
  • Data Breach: If a Pulumi Access Token is leaked, it could lead to a data breach where sensitive information stored in your cloud resources is exposed to unauthorized parties.
  • Financial Loss: Unauthorized access to your cloud resources through a leaked Pulumi Access Token could result in financial loss due to data theft, service disruptions, or other malicious activities.
  • Reputation Damage: A security incident resulting from a leaked Pulumi Access Token can damage your organization's reputation and erode trust with customers and partners.
  • Compliance Violations: Depending on the nature of the data and services involved, a security breach caused by a leaked Pulumi Access Token could lead to compliance violations with regulatory requirements.

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Pulumi Access Token security best practices

  • Avoid embedding the secret directly in your code. Instead, use environment variables or secrets managers
  • Secure storage: store the Pulumi Access Token in a secure location, such as a password manager or a secrets management service.
  • Regular rotation: periodically rotate the API key to minimize the risk of long-term exposure.
  • Restrict permissions: apply the principle of least privilege by only granting the key the minimum necessary permissions.
  • Monitor usage: regularly check the usage logs for any unusual activity or unauthorized access attempts.
  • Implement access controls: limit the number of users who have access to the secret and enforce strong authentication measures.
  • Use a secrets manager: utilize secret management tools like CyberArk or AWS Secrets Manager for enhanced security.

By adhering to the best practices, you can significantly reduce the risk associated with Pulumi Access Token usage and improve the overall security of your Pulumi Access Token implementations.

Exposing secrets on GitHub: What to do after leaking Credential and API keys

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Pulumi Access Token leak remediation: what to do

What to do if you expose a secret: How to stay calm and respond to an incident [cheat sheet included]

How to check if Pulumi Access Token was used by malicious actors

  • Review Access Logs: Check the access logs of your Pulumi Access Token account for any unauthorized access or unusual activity. Pay particular attention to access from unfamiliar IP addresses (if you haven’t set up a specific allow list) or at odd hours.
  • Monitor Usage Patterns: Look for anomalies in the usage patterns, such as unexpected spikes in data access or transfer.
  • Check Active Connections and Operations: Review the list of active connections and recent operations on your database. Unusual or unauthorized operations might indicate malicious use.
  • Audit API Usage: If possible, audit the usage of your API key through any logging or monitoring services you have integrated with Pulumi Access Token. This can give insights into any unauthorized use of your key.

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Steps to revoke the Pulumi Access Token

Generate a new Pulumi Access Token:

  • Log into your Pulumi Access Token account.
  • Navigate to the API section and generate a new API key.

Update Services with the new key:

  • Replace the compromised key with the new key in all your services that use this API key.
  • Ensure all your applications and services are updated with the new key before deactivating the old one.

Deactivate the old Pulumi Access Token:

  • Once the new key is in place and everything is functioning correctly, deactivate the old API key.
  • This can typically be done from the same section where you generated the new key.

Monitor after key rotation:

  • After deactivating the old key, monitor your systems closely to ensure that all services are running smoothly and that there are no unauthorized access attempts.

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How to understand which services will stop working

  • Inventory of services: keep an inventory of all services and applications that utilize your Pulumi Access Token.
  • Communication and documentation: Ensure that your team is aware of which services are dependent on the key. Maintain documentation for quick reference.
  • Testing: before deactivating the old key, test your services with the new key in a staging environment. This helps in identifying any services that might face issues post rotation.
  • Fallback strategies: Have a fallback or emergency plan in case a critical service fails after the key rotation. This might include temporary measures or quick rollback procedures.

In summary, the remediation process involves identifying potential misuse, carefully rotating the key, and ensuring minimal disruption to services. Being proactive and having a well-documented process can greatly reduce the risks associated with a compromised API key.

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What about other secrets?

GitGuardian helps developers keep 350+ types of secrets out of source code. GitGuardian’s automated secrets detection and remediation solution secure every step of the development lifecycle, from code to cloud:

  • On developer workstations with git hooks (pre-commit and pre-push);
  • On code sharing platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket;
  • In CI environments (Circle CI, Travis CI, Jenkins CI, GitHub Actions, and many more);
  • In Docker images.

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Environment Variables
Environment Variables
Environment Variables

charge

nullable string

For card errors, the ID of the failed charge.

payment_method_type

nullable string

If the error is specific to the type of payment method, the payment method type that had a problem. This field is only populated for invoice-related errors.

doc_url

nullable string

A URL to more information about the error code reported.

request_log_url

nullable string

A URL to the request log entry in your dashboard.

charge

nullable string

If the error is specific to the type of payment method, the payment method type that had a problem. This field is only populated for invoice-related errors.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

charge

nullable string

If the error is specific to the type of payment method, the payment method type that had a problem. This field is only populated for invoice-related errors.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

payment_intent

nullable object

The PaymentIntent object for errors returned on a request involving a PaymentIntent.

setup_intent

nullable object

The SetupIntent object for errors returned on a request involving a SetupIntent.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

Hide
Show
child attributes

type

enum

For some errors that could be handled programmatically, a short string indicating the error code reported.

CLIENT LIBRARIES

$ gem install stripe
$ pip install stripe
$ composer require stripe/stripe-php
MAVEN
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.stripe</groupId>
  <artifactId>stripe-java</artifactId>
  <version>24.16.0</version>
</dependency>

GRADLE
compile "com.stripe:stripe-java:24.16.0"
$ npm install --save stripe
$ go get github.com/stripe/stripe-go/v76
$ nuget install Stripe.net
SHOW
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