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My PostgreSQL Credential leaked! What should I do?

What is a PostgreSQL Credential and how it is used?

A PostgreSQL credential is a set of information used to authenticate and authorize a user to access a PostgreSQL database. It typically includes a username and password, which are securely stored and managed to prevent unauthorized access.

PostgreSQL Credentials are used for:

Authenticating users and applications to access the PostgreSQL database
Securing sensitive information such as passwords and connection details
Controlling access permissions and privileges within the database system

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1. Code snippets to prevent PostgreSQL Credential hardcoding using environment variables

Using environment variables for PostgreSQL credentials in your code is a secure practice because:

Environment variables are not hardcoded in the codebase, reducing the risk of exposure in case of a breach.
Environment variables are stored outside of the code repository, providing an additional layer of security.
Environment variables can be easily managed and rotated without the need to modify the code.
Environment variables are typically not accessible to unauthorized users or processes, enhancing the overall security of the credentials.

How to secure your secrets using environment variables

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2. Code snippet to prevent Yahoo OAuth2 Key hardcoding using PostgreSQL Credential

Using AWS Secrets Manager to manage PostgreSQL Credentials is a secure way to handle sensitive data. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages that demonstrate how to retrieve the PostgreSQL Credential from AWS Secrets Manager.

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3. Code snippet to prevent PostgreSQL Credential hardcoding using HashiCorp Vault

Using HashiCorp Vault for managing PostgreSQL Credentials is a great way to enhance security. Here are code snippets in five different programming languages for securely handling a PostgreSQL Credential using HashiCorp Vault.

Remember to replace the VAULT_ADDR and VAULT_TOKEN with your Vault server address and authentication token. The snippets assume that the PostgreSQL Credential is stored under the api_key field within Vault. The specifics of the Vault path and field names should be adjusted to match your Vault setup.

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How to generate a PostgreSQL Credential?

To generate a PostgreSQL Credential, follow these steps:

Log in to your PostgreSQL database server.
Connect to the database where you want to create the credential.
Run the following SQL command to create a new user and grant necessary permissions:

CREATE USER new_username WITH PASSWORD 'new_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE database_name TO new_username;

Make sure to replace new_username, new_password, and database_name with your desired values.
After creating the credential, you can use the new username and password to connect to the PostgreSQL database from your application.

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My PostgreSQL Credential leaked, what are the possible reasons?

There are several reasons why a PostgreSQL credential might have been leaked:

Improper storage: Storing credentials in plain text files or hardcoding them directly into code leaves them vulnerable to being accessed by unauthorized individuals.
Weak access controls: Inadequate access controls on the database server or the application accessing the database can lead to unauthorized access and potential credential leakage.
Insufficient encryption: If credentials are not properly encrypted during transmission or storage, they can be intercepted and exposed by attackers.
Shared credentials: Sharing credentials among multiple users or applications increases the risk of leakage, as any compromise in one system can lead to the exposure of the shared credentials.
Logging and monitoring gaps: Lack of proper logging and monitoring of database access can make it difficult to detect unauthorized access and credential misuse in a timely manner.

What are the risks of leaking a PostgreSQL Credential

When it comes to PostgreSQL Credentials, it is crucial for developers to understand the risks associated with leaking them. Here are some specific risks:

Data Breach: If a PostgreSQL Credential is leaked, unauthorized individuals may gain access to sensitive data stored in the database, leading to a data breach.
Data Manipulation: Hackers with access to PostgreSQL Credentials can manipulate data in the database, potentially causing damage to the integrity of the data.
Data Theft: Leaked PostgreSQL Credentials can be used to steal valuable data from the database, which can have serious consequences for the organization.
Service Disruption: Unauthorized access to PostgreSQL Credentials can lead to service disruption, causing downtime and impacting the availability of the database.
Reputational Damage: A data breach or unauthorized access to PostgreSQL Credentials can result in reputational damage for the organization, leading to loss of trust from customers and stakeholders.

It is essential for developers to implement strong security measures to protect PostgreSQL Credentials, such as using secure storage mechanisms, restricting access to sensitive information, and regularly monitoring and auditing access to the database.

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PostgreSQL Credential security best practices

Avoid embedding the secret directly in your code. Instead, use environment variables or secrets managers‍
Secure storage: store the PostgreSQL Credential in a secure location, such as a password manager or a secrets management service.
Regular rotation: periodically rotate the API key to minimize the risk of long-term exposure.
Restrict permissions: apply the principle of least privilege by only granting the key the minimum necessary permissions.
Monitor usage: regularly check the usage logs for any unusual activity or unauthorized access attempts.
Implement access controls: limit the number of users who have access to the secret and enforce strong authentication measures.
Use a secrets manager: utilize secret management tools like CyberArk or AWS Secrets Manager for enhanced security.

By adhering to the best practices, you can significantly reduce the risk associated with PostgreSQL Credential usage and improve the overall security of your PostgreSQL Credential implementations.

Exposing secrets on GitHub: What to do after leaking Credential and API keys

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PostgreSQL Credential leak remediation: what to do

What to do if you expose a secret: How to stay calm and respond to an incident [cheat sheet included]

How to check if PostgreSQL Credential was used by malicious actors

Review Access Logs: Check the access logs of your PostgreSQL Credential account for any unauthorized access or unusual activity. Pay particular attention to access from unfamiliar IP addresses (if you haven’t set up a specific allow list) or at odd hours.
Monitor Usage Patterns: Look for anomalies in the usage patterns, such as unexpected spikes in data access or transfer.
Check Active Connections and Operations: Review the list of active connections and recent operations on your database. Unusual or unauthorized operations might indicate malicious use.
Audit API Usage: If possible, audit the usage of your API key through any logging or monitoring services you have integrated with PostgreSQL Credential. This can give insights into any unauthorized use of your key.

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Steps to revoke the PostgreSQL Credential

Generate a new PostgreSQL Credential:

Log into your PostgreSQL Credential account.
Navigate to the API section and generate a new API key.

Update Services with the new key:

Replace the compromised key with the new key in all your services that use this API key.
Ensure all your applications and services are updated with the new key before deactivating the old one.

Deactivate the old PostgreSQL Credential:

Once the new key is in place and everything is functioning correctly, deactivate the old API key.
This can typically be done from the same section where you generated the new key.

Monitor after key rotation:

After deactivating the old key, monitor your systems closely to ensure that all services are running smoothly and that there are no unauthorized access attempts.

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How to understand which services will stop working

Inventory of services: keep an inventory of all services and applications that utilize your PostgreSQL Credential.
Communication and documentation: Ensure that your team is aware of which services are dependent on the key. Maintain documentation for quick reference.
Testing: before deactivating the old key, test your services with the new key in a staging environment. This helps in identifying any services that might face issues post rotation.
Fallback strategies: Have a fallback or emergency plan in case a critical service fails after the key rotation. This might include temporary measures or quick rollback procedures.

In summary, the remediation process involves identifying potential misuse, carefully rotating the key, and ensuring minimal disruption to services. Being proactive and having a well-documented process can greatly reduce the risks associated with a compromised API key.

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What about other secrets?

GitGuardian helps developers keep 350+ types of secrets out of source code. GitGuardian’s automated secrets detection and remediation solution secure every step of the development lifecycle, from code to cloud:

On developer workstations with git hooks (pre-commit and pre-push);
On code sharing platforms like GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket;
In CI environments (Circle CI, Travis CI, Jenkins CI, GitHub Actions, and many more);
In Docker images.

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payment_intent

nullable object

The PaymentIntent object for errors returned on a request involving a PaymentIntent.

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CLIENT LIBRARIES

$ gem install stripe

STRIPE-RUBY

$ pip install stripe

STRIPE-PYTHON

$ composer require stripe/stripe-php

STRIPE-PHP

MAVEN
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.stripe</groupId>
  <artifactId>stripe-java</artifactId>
  <version>24.16.0</version>
</dependency>

GRADLE
compile "com.stripe:stripe-java:24.16.0"

STRIPE-NODE

$ npm install --save stripe

STRIPE-NODE

$ go get github.com/stripe/stripe-go/v76

STRIPE-NODE

$ nuget install Stripe.net

STRIPE-NODE

SHOW

This is placeholder code

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